International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Prevalence of Needle Stick Injuries and its Associated Factors among Nursing Staff-A Retro prospective study

Author(s) Ms. Sumathi Ardhalapudi, Ms.Pravalitha.K, Ms.Nagendramma, Ms.Rajitha, Ms.SunithaDomingo, Ms.Bindu Balachandran, Ms.Gayathri.I.V, Ms.Maryline Flinsi
Country India
Abstract ABSTRACT

Background:
Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are accidental percutaneous injuries caused by needles and other sharp medical devices and represent one of the most significant occupational hazards for healthcare workers. In developing countries, NSIs are strongly associated with transmission of blood borne infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Nurses are particularly vulnerable due to their frequent exposure to invasive procedures.
Aim & Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries among nursing staff
To identify the factors associated with the occurrence of needle stick injuries
To assess knowledge and practices regarding prevention of needle stick injuries among nursing staff
Material & Methods: A retro prospective study was conducted among 415 nursing staff at a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, India. Retrospective NSI data were collected for a three year period (January 2023 to December 2025) from incident reports and NSI logs. Prospective data were collected using a pre designed, validated, self administered questionnaire assessing socio demographic characteristics, exposure details, and knowledge and practices related to NSI prevention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and chi square tests were applied, with logistic regression used to identify independent predictors.
Results: During the retrospective period, a total of 41 needle stick injuries (NSIs) were reported. The annual prevalence demonstrated a declining trend, decreasing from 64% in 2023 to 33% in 2025. This reduction coincided with the implementation of a 30 day NSI awareness campaign conducted in June 2025 as a part of the Infection Control Nursing Council (ICNC) Activity . As part of this initiative, educational videos demonstrating correct techniques for removing needles from insulin pens were shared through staff communication groups. The temporal association between this focused awareness intervention and the subsequent decline in NSI incidence suggests a potential positive impact of targeted education and reinforcement of safe practices, particularly in relation to insulin pen handling.
Common circumstances associated with NSIs during the retrospective period included patient movement during insulin administration, blood sample collection, improper waste segregation, and removal of needles from pen devices.
In the prospective analysis, the overall prevalence of NSI was 7.7% (32/415). The majority of affected nurses were aged 20–29 years (84.4%), female (90.6%), junior staff nurses (53.1%), unmarried (90.6%), and degree qualified (68.8%). Fingers were the most common site of injury (84.4%), and conventional syringe needles accounted for 59.4% of reported injuries.
Statistical analysis revealed that age group was the only variable significantly associated with NSI occurrence (χ² = 13.51, p = 0.0037), although the effect size was small. No statistically significant associations were observed with gender, designation, marital status, educational qualification, or years of experience
Conclusion: The prevalence of NSIs among nursing staff was moderate, with younger nurses being more vulnerable. Strengthening training programs, improving adherence to safe injection practices, and reinforcing reporting mechanisms are essential to reduce occupational exposure.
Keywords Prevalence Awareness, Exposures, Needle stick injuries, Nursing staff, Percutaneous.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-12
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