Quality-by-Design Based Development and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Amphotericin B for Improved Antifungal Efficacy

Neelesh Shrivastava; Neha Dubey; Arti Bhagat; Anees Ahmad

Quality-by-Design Based Development and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Amphotericin B for Improved Antifungal Efficacy

Author(s)	Mr. Neelesh Shrivastava, Ms. Neha Dubey, Ms. Arti Bhagat, Mr. Anees Ahmad
Country	India
Abstract	The rising prevalence and evolving microbiological spectrum of invasive fungal infections necessitate the development of effective and broad-spectrum antifungal therapies. Amphotericin B remains one of the most reliable antifungal agents; however, its conventional formulations are associated with limitations, particularly for topical delivery. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a chitosan nanoparticle-incorporated gel loaded with amphotericin B for enhanced topical application. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method, employing sodium tripolyphosphate as a cross-linking agent. The formulation relied on cationic interactions between low molecular weight chitosan and the crosslinker, facilitating nanoparticle formation and stable drug incorporation. The prepared nanoparticles were subsequently incorporated into a gel base, and potential interactions between the drug and polymer were analyzed during formulation development.The developed gel was evaluated for key physicochemical parameters, including viscosity, drug content (% assay), extrudability, spreadability, and in vitro drug release. The formulation exhibited a viscosity of 4520 cps, drug content of 98.96 ± 0.35%, extrudability of 167 g, and spreadability of 11.95 g•cm/sec. In vitro drug release studies, conducted using the Franz diffusion cell method, demonstrated a sustained release profile with 92.23% drug release over 12 hours. In conclusion, the chitosan nanoparticle-based gel of amphotericin B showed favorable physicochemical properties and sustained drug release, indicating its potential as an effective topical delivery system for the treatment of fungal infections.
Keywords	• Amphotericin B • Chitosan nanoparticles • Ionic gelation • Topical gel • Antifungal therapy • Sustained drug release • Franz diffusion cell
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-12

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Quality-by-Design Based Development and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulating Amphotericin B for Improved Antifungal Efficacy

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