Application of HVDC and ESS in two area load frequency control system using PID controller

Author(s)	Ms. Jayshree Jayshree, Prof. Pooja Jha
Country	India
Abstract	This review examines the application of High Voltage Direct Current and Energy Storage Systems in two area load frequency control frameworks using PID based control strategies. It first outlines the fundamentals of frequency regulation in interconnected power systems, including the role of primary and secondary control, generator load dynamics, tie line power exchange, and area control considerations. The review then discusses the contribution of ESS in balancing intermittent renewable generation and improving transient support in wind diesel and hybrid microgrid operation. In parallel, it explains how HVDC links provide an additional controllable path for inter area power flow and strengthen dynamic regulation. The surveyed literature shows a clear movement from conventional PI and PID control toward optimized PID family, cascaded, fuzzy, and intelligent controllers tuned through metaheuristic techniques. Collectively, the reviewed studies indicate that hybrid support through ESS and HVDC can significantly improve damping, settling behaviour, robustness, and tie line performance in multi area systems.
Keywords	Load Frequency Control, PID Controller, High Voltage Direct Current, Energy Storage System, Two Area Power System, Frequency Regulation.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-12

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