International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste incorporating Camellia sinensis, Carica papaya, and Acorus calamus Extracts for Antimicrobial Efficacy against Oral Pathogens

Author(s) Mr. Dinesh S, Dr. Thangavel M, Ms. Pavitra P, Ms. Shani S
Country India
Abstract The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among oral pathogens and the adverse effects associated with prolonged use of chemical-based oral care products have created a need for safer herbal alternatives. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Camellia sinensis, Acorus calamus, and Carica papaya extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to formulate and evaluate a herbal toothpaste incorporating these extracts. Phytochemical screening was performed on the aqueous extracts of the three plants. Antimicrobial activity of individual and combined extracts was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A herbal toothpaste was formulated using the combined extract and subjected to comprehensive physicochemical and microbiological quality evaluation. The formulated toothpaste was compared with a commercially available preparation (Dabur Red). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and diterpenes in all three extracts, and saponins in green tea and papaya leaf extracts. Among individual extracts, Camellia sinensis demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity, recording zones of inhibition of 15mm, 17mm, and 15mm against S. aureus, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The combined extract exhibited synergistic activity with zones of inhibition of 17mm, 20mm, and 13mm against S. aureus, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The formulated herbal toothpaste demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (20mm) and C. albicans (19mm) compared to Dabur Red toothpaste (14mm and 17mm, respectively). Both toothpaste preparations were resistant to P. aeruginosa. Quality evaluation confirmed acceptable pH (8.5), foamability (50ml), spreadability (5cm), smooth texture, and complete absence of microbial growth. The formulated herbal toothpaste incorporating Camellia sinensis, Acorus calamus, and Carica papaya extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy and satisfactory physicochemical properties, establishing its potential as a safe and effective natural alternative for oral health care.
Keywords Herbal toothpaste, Camellia sinensis, Acorus calamus, Carica papaya, antimicrobial activity, oral pathogens, phytochemical screening, oral health care, disc diffusion, zone of inhibition.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.74410
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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