International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 2
March-April 2026

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Development of a Scale to Measure Attitude of Higher Secondary Students in West Bengal toward Water Conservation

Author(s) Dr. Susmita Pal
Country India
Abstract Water conservation is a critical environmental concern, and students’ attitudes play a key role in promoting sustainable water-use behavior. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to measure attitudes toward water conservation among higher secondary students in West Bengal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 students. The scale was developed based on theoretical frameworks and expert validation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation was performed, along with reliability analysis. The data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.949; Bartlett’s χ²(435) = 20068.19, p < .001). Although a dominant general factor emerged, the scree plot supported an eight-factor solution. The final 30-item scale showed acceptable factor loadings with minor cross-loadings. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.982), with subscale reliabilities ranging from 0.822 to 0.884. High inter-correlations indicated a coherent multidimensional construct. The developed scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing multidimensional attitudes toward water conservation among students and can be effectively used for research and educational interventions.
Keywords Water Conservation, Attitude Scale Development, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Environmental Attitudes, Higher Secondary Students
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-14
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.74724
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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