International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 3
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Nature-Based Solutions to Treat Mining-Impacted Waters: A Narrative Review

Author(s) Owolabi Oyebode
Country United States
Abstract Mining-impacted waters, in particular acid mine drainage (AMD), is a concerning global environmental problem since it is very acidic and it has high concentration of dissolved metals and sulfates. Whereas conventional systems of treatment are effective, they are, in most cases, not economically and ecologically viable, particularly in long-term remediation. This review synthesizes the literature (2000-2024) on the effectiveness, mechanisms and the limitations of NbS including constructed wetlands, passive bioreactors, phytoremediation and algal systems. Microbial sulfate reduction, metal sulfide precipitation, adsorption, and plant uptake are major processes that provide control over performance in treatment. One of the proposed ideas is a conceptual framework that is used to explain the relationships existing between environmental conditions, the biological processes, and system design to determine the remediation outcomes. The results show that NbS is both cost-efficient and less harmful to the environment than regular treatments and can reach high removal rates of metals and sulfate. However, problems that adversely impact on large scale applications are performance variability, climatic sensitivity, land requirements, and stability in the long term. The following research should be conducted on the standardized design criteria, hybrid treatment system, and long-term monitoring to improve reliability and scalability.
Keywords Mining wastewater, nature-based solutions, acid mine drainage, constructed wetlands, phytoremediation
Field Biology > Bio + Chemistry
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.74924
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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