International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Harnessing Stress-Tolerant Soil Microbes: Nitrogen-Fixing and Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria as Bioinoculants for Wheat in Waterlogged and Drought-Affected Soils

Author(s) Ms. Reena Wanjare, Dr. Abhilasha Dwivedi
Country India
Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production faces significant challenges from waterlogging and drought stress, which severely impact global food security. These abiotic stresses disrupt plant physiological processes, alter nutrient availability, and reduce crop yields. This comprehensive review examines the potential of stress-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as bioinoculants to enhance wheat resilience in water-stressed environments. We analyze the fundamental mechanisms of biological nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization and explore the adaptations that enable certain bacterial strains to maintain these functions under osmotic stress and oxygen deprivation. These adaptations include osmolyte accumulation, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, ACC deaminase activity, and alternative respiration pathways. The review synthesizes evidence on how these stress-tolerant microbes improve wheat growth parameters, nutrient acquisition, and physiological responses under waterlogging and drought conditions. We further examine the synergistic effects observed when NFB and PSB are co-inoculated, highlighting their complementary roles in enhancing nutrient availability and stress tolerance. Despite promising results, formulation stability, field application consistency, and strain compatibility remain. Future research should focus on advanced screening methods for stress-tolerant strains, optimized formulation technologies, and field validation across diverse agroecological zones. This review provides a foundation for developing effective microbial strategies to sustainably enhance wheat productivity in the face of increasing climate variability and water-related stresses.
Keywords Wheat, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Waterlogging, Drought stress, Bioinoculants, Stress tolerance
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-17
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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