International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 2
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Balancing Innovation and Privacy: A Critical Examination of the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 in India

Author(s) Ms. Karthika A
Country India
Abstract The DPDP Rules, 2025, provide detailed procedural criteria for data fiduciaries, such as websites, online services, and social media platforms, in order to put India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, into effect. “By laying out procedures for notice and consent, retention and erasure regimes, protections for cross-border data transfers, deadlines for breach notifications, and the institutional framework of the Data Protection Board (DPBI), the Rules expect to increase user agency and responsibility in India's digital ecosystem. Websites and social media platforms are subject to both practical and constitutional implications, and this research paper examines both in detail. The paper synthesises pertinent Indian and comparative case law and situates the Rules within India's current framework for content control and intermediaries, particularly the Information Technology Rules. Here we take a look at how different doctrinal instruments—frameworks for adequacy and transfer, fundamental rights balancing, expectation of privacy, and proportionality—are likely to be used by Indian courts and regulators. This paper argues that although the DPDP Rules are a big improvement over the IT Rules when it comes to data governance, there will still be conflicts between the DPDP's minimization principle and state exemptions, privacy protections and compliance costs, and innovation and compliance.” To resolve these issues, the paper suggests early harmonisation measures, clear judicial oversight, and targeted institutional capacity building
Keywords Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, Data Fiduciaries, Online Platforms, Right to Privacy, Proportionality Principle, Data Governance in India
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-19
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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