A Study On Custodial Violence and Structural Deficiencies in India’s Criminal Justice System

Harish Rao V; Sana Humd

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.75425

A Study On Custodial Violence and Structural Deficiencies in India’s Criminal Justice System

Author(s)	Mr. Harish Rao V, Dr. Sana Humd
Country	India
Abstract	Custodial violence, which includes physical tortures, mental harassment, and sexual abuse used against people under the care of the states, is one of the significant breaches of the human rights and the guarantees of the constitution. Such practices continue to be practiced in India even with legal protections in place wherein it denotes more than structural inadequacies in the criminal justice system. It is not a problem of isolated incidences but is telltale of organizational flaws like poor police training, political interventions, dependency on coercive mechanisms of interrogation, and poor accountability processes. The present study is also expected to critically explore the problem of custodial violence in India and investigate the structural gaps that help promote the persistence of the issue. The research has a doctrinal and analytical research approach which is based on the constitutional laws, statutory laws and pronouncements on the constitutional courts to examine the efficiency of the current legal systems. It also examines institutions and enforcing authorities and the contribution these two activities make in discouraging or encouraging such violations. The research results indicate that there exists a plethora of shortcomings in implementation such as ineffective investigation, slow courts and infrequency of convictions in cases of custodial abuse. These elements lead to impunity culture and affect the general trust of the society in the justice system. The article concludes that remedying the issue of custodial violence should entail wide-ranging reforms that should include tougher accountability measures, institutionalization of the welfare, and in line with the international human rights regulations. The security of personal dignity and the basic rights should continue to be a principle of the criminal justice system.
Keywords	Custodial Violence, Human Rights, Criminal Justice System, Police Accountability, Judicial Delays, Structural Deficiencies
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On	2026-04-21
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.75425

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A Study On Custodial Violence and Structural Deficiencies in India’s Criminal Justice System

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