From Orientalism to Subaltern: Re- reading Said, Bhabha, and Spivak on Postcolonial Identity and Pedagogical Reform in Indian University Syllabi

Author(s)	Deepa Arya
Country	India
Abstract	This paper tries to understand postcolonial theory through the three prominent thinkers Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak. While Said’s Orientalism(1978) shows how Western writing made the East look like an inferior ‘other’, Bhabha questioned this East-West divide itself. He used concepts like Hybridity, Mimicry, and ‘Culture Intermixing’ in The Location of Culture (1994). Spivak took it even further by asking “can the subaltern speak?”, she pointed out epistemic violence and how suppressed groups cannot represent themselves. When we read them together, the three theorists map how postcolonial thought moved from questioning representation, to figuring out identity negotiation, to asking who actually gets to speak. My point here is simple that Said spots the problem, Bhabha maps the middle ground, and Spivak demands we take ethical responsibility for the excluded. In India, I will use these ideas to look at English literature syllabi and classroom teaching. I want to show that how postcolonialism question not only land occupation but also the control over knowledge, language, and imagination.
Keywords	Orientalism, Hybridity, Subaltern, Postcolonialism, Epistemic Violence, Third Space.
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024
Published On	2024-07-12

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