International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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A Critical Study of the Indian Emergency (1975–1977) and Its Impact on Democratic Institutions

Author(s) Gurpreet Kaur
Country India
Abstract Emergency in India (1975–1977) represents a critical phase in the country’s democratic history, marked by the concentration of executive power, suspension of fundamental rights, and weakening of democratic institutions. Declared under Article 352 by Indira Gandhi, the Emergency was justified on the grounds of internal disturbance but resulted in widespread restrictions on civil liberties, press freedom, and political participation. This study provides a theoretical and critical analysis of the Emergency, focusing on its impact on key democratic institutions, including the executive, judiciary, legislature, and media. The findings indicate that the period witnessed significant erosion of institutional autonomy, with the executive dominating governance and other institutions functioning under constraints. The judiciary’s controversial stance, particularly in the ADM Jabalpur case, further highlighted challenges to constitutional principles. However, the post-Emergency phase led to important reforms, including the 44th Constitutional Amendment, and increased public awareness, reinforcing democratic resilience. The study concludes that while the Emergency exposed vulnerabilities within India’s democratic framework, it also strengthened the need for institutional safeguards and accountability in governance.
Keywords Emergency, Indian democracy, civil liberties, executive power, judiciary, constitutional reforms
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.76888
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