International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 3 (May-June 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of June to publish your research paper in the issue of May-June.
Submit Research Paper Join as a Reviewer

Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker TurnItIn

Call for Paper

Volume 8 Issue 3
May-June 2026

Submit your research paper

Indexing Partners
Academia Advanced Sciences Index Bielefeld Academic Search Engine CiteSeer DRJI Google Scholar Independent Search Engine & Directory Network ISI (International Scientific Indexing) Issuu Mendeley Research Networks
RefSeek ResearcherId - Thomson Reuters ResearchGate Scirus Scribd Semantic Scholar UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Wiki for Call for Papers WorldCat Zenodo

Assessing Clean Water and Sanitation Among Rural Tribal Communities in Simdega, India

Author(s) Ms. Shital Shally Toppo, Dr. Smita Linda
Country India
Abstract Inadequate access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities excessively affects low- and middle-income nations. Access to clean water and reliable sanitation are indispensable for safeguarding health, dignity, and overall well-being. This study aimed to assess the sources, accessibility, and treatment practices of drinking water among tribal women, to evaluate the availability of toilet facilities and types of sanitation facilities, and open defecation prevalence, to assess hygiene practices such as handwashing and footwear use among the study population, and to compare sanitation conditions between government-built and privately-owned toilet facilities. The study was conducted in Simdega District, Jharkhand. A cross-sectional study sampled 203 respondents through a multistage probability sampling design. Data were collected through a pre-tested structured interview questionnaire. Although all households had toilets, primarily two pit latrines (82.3%), access to improved water sources was limited, with 63.1% depending on water within premises. Water purification practices were poor; only 46.3% of households boiled water for purification, 80.3% of households had access to handwashing with soap and water after using the toilet. 22.7% of the women who continue to practice open defecation,6.4% uses neighbours’ toilets, and 2.5% relies on community toilets, which creates sanitation. Despite universal toilet access, WASH infrastructure remained inadequate. The study highlights emphasising the importance of promoting hygiene alongside infrastructure development in rural areas.
Keywords clean water, hygiene, sanitation, tribal, women
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.77095
View / Download PDF File

Share this



E-ISSN 2582-2160
CrossRef

CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal.

IJFMR DOI prefix is
10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads
Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 2Cover Page Vol 8 Isu 1Cover Page Vol 7 Isu 6

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA Open Access

About IJFMR
Fees & Payment
Current Issue
Publication Archive 		Submit Research Paper
Track Submission Status
Publication Guidelines
Publication Ethics
Peer Review & Plagiarism 		Join as a Reviewer
Editors & Reviewers
Reviewer Referral Program
Get Reviewer Membership Certi. 		Website/Journal Policies
Usage Policy
Content Policies
Privacy Policy
Contact Us +91-9687-828-838 editor@ijfmr.com
Powered by Sky Research Publication and Journals