International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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The Surgical Landscape of Upper Limb Compressive Neuropathies in Malaysia: a One-year Epidemiological Audit from a National Tertiary Referral Center

Author(s) Dr. Aziz Sabbir Husain, Dr. Rashdeen Fazwi Muhammad Nawawi, Dr. Syahril Rizal Arsad, Dr. Harmony Tan Chern Yang
Country Malaysia
Abstract Introduction: Upper limb compressive neuropathies represent a substantial clinical and economic burden within hand and microsurgery. Despite the high volume of surgical decompressions performed in Malaysian public healthcare settings, no baseline epidemiological data exists regarding the demographic characteristics, disease patterns, or surgical workload associated with these conditions. This study aimed to define the surgical landscape and clinical profile of patients undergoing decompression for upper limb nerve entrapments at a national tertiary referral center in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional audit of all adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent primary surgical decompression for upper limb compressive neuropathies at the Hand and Microsurgery Unit of Hospital Selayang between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024. Data extracted from electronic medical records included demographic variables, clinical presentations, comorbidities, electrodiagnostic findings, intraoperative pathological findings, and surgical procedures performed. Results: A total of 53 upper extremities in 53 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 48.3 ± 14.4 years, with a female preponderance (60.4%). Occupational association was identified in 84.9% of cases. Patients presented with a mean symptom duration of 4.0 ± 3.8 years. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) constituted the overwhelming majority (83.0%) of diagnoses, followed by isolated cubital tunnel syndrome (7.5%). Simple open carpal tunnel release was the most frequently performed procedure (81.1%). Intraoperatively, 94.3% of patients demonstrated nerve swelling, and 81.1% exhibited pale nerve discoloration. Conclusion: This first epidemiological audit of upper limb compressive neuropathies in Malaysia reveals a surgical landscape dominated by late-presenting, occupationally associated carpal tunnel syndrome with significant delays to surgery. These findings establish a foundational dataset for service planning and highlight the urgent need for standardized care pathways and prospective outcomes research in the Southeast Asian region.
Keywords Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, Epidemiology, Malaysia, Peripheral Nerve Compression
Field Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.77165
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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