International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Is Characterized By Proteobacteria Dominance And Reduced Microbial Diversity

Author(s) Jinal M. Paladiya, Pooja C. Desai, Hasmukh Balar, Shiva Shankaran, Alpesh R. Patel
Country India
Abstract Background: The gut microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, metabolic balance, and protection against pathogens. In patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), factors such as chemotherapy, irradiation, antibiotic exposure, and immunosuppressive therapy disrupt the intestinal microbial ecosystem, leading to dysbiosis. This imbalance has been strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including infections and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Aim: This study aimed to investigate alterations in gut microbial composition and diversity in allo-BMT patients and evaluate their potential implications in transplant-related complications.

Methodology: A comparative study was conducted on allo-BMT recipients. Fecal samples were collected before and approximately 30 days after transplantation. Microbial DNA was extracted and analyzed using high-throughput next-generation sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses were performed to assess taxonomic composition, alpha diversity, and microbial community structure.

Results: Post-transplant samples showed a significant shift in gut microbiota composition, with dominance of Proteobacteria (up to ~99%) and a marked reduction in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. There was enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, and Serratia rubidaea, alongside depletion of beneficial commensals including Prevotella copri, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus salivarius. Alpha diversity indices indicated a substantial decline in microbial richness and evenness, reflecting a transition to a dysbiotic, pathogen-dominated state.

Conclusion: Allo-BMT is associated with profound gut microbiota dysbiosis, which may increase susceptibility to infections and GVHD. These findings highlight the potential of microbiota profiling as a predictive biomarker and support the need for microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Keywords Gut microbiota; Bone marrow transplantation; Dysbiosis; 16S rRNA; GVHD
Field Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-07
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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