International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160     Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 3 (May-June 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of June to publish your research paper in the issue of May-June.

A Survey on Graph Neural Network Approaches for Fraud Detection in Blockchain Networks

Author(s) Mr. Sirijan RA NA, Dr. Miraclin Joyce Pamila J C
Country India
Abstract Due to the fast growth of financial ecosystems supported by the blockchain technology, there is a corresponding increase in the amount of malicious activities like phishing attacks on the Ethereum platform or money laundering using Bitcoin. Standard approaches based on machine learning models and rules can no longer cope with such problems since their nature cannot be modeled using the relational and temporal graph structure that lies within blockchain transactions. Graph Neural Networks have proved themselves to be quite effective in this area by supporting aggregation processes on multi-hop neighborhoods as well as modeling both the attributes and structure of the graph. The aim of this paper is to present a survey on recent developments concerning GNNs for blockchain fraud detection, which have been published between 2022 and 2026. Moreover, several important issues like architecture types, namely homogeneous, temporal, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed alongside with the class imbalance problem, for which focal
loss and oversampling methods are considered. Finally gaps in research are highlighted, providing the directions for solving them.
Keywords Graph Neural Networks, Blockchain Fraud Detection, Ethereum Phishing, Bitcoin Illicit Transactions, Temporal Graph Networks, Heterogeneous Graphs, Class Imbalance.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.77316

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