International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Study Of Outcome Analysis Of Unconscious Patients In Emergency Department At Tertiary Care Hospital

Author(s) Dr. Digvijay Vikas Suryawanshi, Dr. Vijay Sharma, Dr. DJ Lalneiruol, Dr. Anirban Ghosh, Dr. Arpit Verma, Dr. Shubham Varshney
Country India
Abstract ABSTRACT
Background:
Unconsciousness is a critical and life-threatening presentation in the emergency department, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Non-traumatic unconsciousness represents a diagnostic and prognostic challenge due to diverse etiologies and absence of reliable history. Early assessment of severity and identification of underlying causes are essential for appropriate management and outcome prediction.
Aim:
To analyse clinical profile , etiological distribution and the final outcome of unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.
Materials:
This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 unconscious patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤8 were included using consecutive sampling. Patients with traumatic causes, children below five years of age, and those with irreversible neurological conditions were excluded. Detailed clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and radiological assessment were performed as per institutional protocols. Patients were followed for a period of seven days, and outcomes were categorized as improved, no improvement, or death. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 51.41 ± 19.71 years, with a predominance of middle-aged and elderly individuals. Females constituted 58% of cases. Hypoxic (23%) and metabolic (21%) etiologies were the most common causes of unconsciousness, followed by CNS infections (15%) and stroke (14%). All patients required ICU admission and ventilatory support. At 7-day follow-up, 59% of patients showed improvement, 21% had no improvement, and the mortality rate was 20%. Lower GCS scores were significantly associated with poorer outcomes.
Conclusion:
Non-traumatic unconsciousness in the emergency department is associated with significant morbidity, prolonged ICU stay, and considerable mortality. Admission Glasgow Coma Scale is a strong predictor of short-term outcome. Early recognition, prompt etiological evaluation, and aggressive supportive management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Keywords Unconsciousness; Emergency department; Glasgow Coma Scale; Non-traumatic coma; Outcome; Prognosis
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.77422
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