International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Role of Sovereign Green Bonds and Carbon Markets in Financing India's Net-Zero Transition: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Reforms by 2030

Author(s) Prof. Dr. Pratima Gupta
Country India
Abstract India's commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 represents a fundamental economic transformation requiring massive investments in sustainable infrastructure and clean energy. Sovereign Green Bonds (SGBs) serve as specialized government debt instruments that channel public savings into environmentally beneficial projects such as solar power plants and energy-efficient buildings, while the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023 establishes market-based incentives for industries to reduce pollution. This paper examines these mechanisms from a macroeconomic perspective, highlighting their role in reducing India's dependence on imported fossil fuels, creating millions of green jobs, and supporting sustained economic growth. Union Budget 2026 allocations for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies and green hydrogen production underscore government commitment to this transition. Despite promising beginnings, challenges including institutional capacity gaps and uneven regional development persist. The analysis proposes practical policy reforms, including a National Green Finance Authority and comprehensive skilling programs, to build human capital for the green economy. Through simplified explanations, case studies from Indian states, and a clear implementation roadmap, this study demonstrates how coordinated economic policies can unlock India's sustainable development potential while maintaining fiscal prudence and inclusive growth.
Keywords Sovereign Green Bonds, Carbon Markets, Net-Zero Transition, Green Finance, Sustainable Economic Growth
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.77793
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