Sustainable Performance and Structural Resilience of Concrete Incorporating Time-Degraded Cement Activated by Hybrid Admixtures

Author(s)	Mr. Surendar S
Country	India
Abstract	The present research explores the behaviour of concrete with replacement of a certain percentage of cement with expired cement along with other materials like Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), silica fume, and glass powder. As it is known, expired cement generally has low strength because of lower reactivity, and hence it was planned to investigate whether the above-mentioned mineral admixtures can enhance its performance. Thus, three mixes of M25 grade concrete, designated as S-A, S-B, and S-C, were produced. They were tested for their compressive strength after 7, 14, and 28 days using concrete and mortar cubes made by the standard procedure. Durability tests included Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Rebound Hammer, and Carbonation test methods. The obtained data have confirmed that the use of up to 10% of expired cement along with the other admixtures enables obtaining the necessary strength of 31.6 MPa in 28 days.
Keywords	Expired cement, GGBS, Silica fume, Glass powder, Compressive strength, Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), Carbonation depth, M25 grade concrete
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-10

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