International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Critical Review of Classical Shodhana Methods of Manashila (Realgar) in Rasashastra Literature

Author(s) Dr. Madhuri Mahale, Dr. Priyanka Verma, Dr. Bhanwara Ram, Prof. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Sharma, Dr. Reetesh Ramnani
Country India
Abstract Manashila (Realgar; As₂S₂), a potent arsenical mineral widely described in Rasashastra, possesses significant therapeutic utility but remains inherently toxic in its raw form, making Shodhana (purification) an essential pharmaceutical process for rendering it safe, bioacceptable, and therapeutically suitable. The present review critically analyzes and compares classical Manashila Shodhana procedures described in authoritative Rasashastra texts, with emphasis on their evolution, purification media, methodologies, and pharmaceutical significance. A systematic literary review was conducted by screening classical texts, extracting relevant references, and categorizing procedures based on Bhavana, Swedana, or combined techniques, followed by chronological analysis to understand their development and standardization. The review revealed a distinct transition from Swedana-dominant methods practiced in early literature (7th–12th century), mainly aimed at removing gross impurities, to later Bhavana-oriented procedures emphasizing detoxification and bio-transformation through the use of specific media such as Agastya, Ardraka, Jayanti, and Bhringaraja. The repeated use of these media reflects a strong pharmacological rationale within classical pharmaceutics. Contemporary scientific observations further support these traditional concepts by indicating that purification media can alter arsenic speciation and bioavailability, thereby reducing toxicity. Thus, classical Manashila Shodhana represents a systematically evolved pharmaceutical framework that closely aligns with modern toxicological principles and offers a strong basis for standardization, safety assessment, and future research.
Keywords Manashila, Shodhan, Rasashastra
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-11
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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