International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Multi-Objective Robust Trajectory Optimisation for Indian Airspace Using NSGA-II Under Uncertain Wind

Author(s) Ms. Remya PR, Mr. Navnath S Bagal
Country India
Abstract India operates more than 1.7 million domestic commercial flights every year, with most aircraft following fixed pre-planned routes. These conventional routes generally do not account for uncertainty in wind forecasts. Variations between forecasted and actual wind conditions can increase fuel consumption and create inconsistencies in arrival times. This study proposes a multi-objective trajectory optimisation framework for Indian airspace using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. The framework is designed to generate improved pre-departure flight plans under uncertain wind conditions. Four conflicting objectives are optimised simultaneously: mean fuel consumption, arrival-time variability at the destination, cumulative schedule uncertainty, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Since these objectives conflict with one another, NSGA-II produces a set of non-dominated trajectories representing different trade-offs between fuel efficiency and schedule robustness. This allows flight dispatchers to choose trajectories based on operational priorities before departure. The methodology was evaluated on 14 major Indian domestic city-pair routes using an Airbus A320neo performance model and five perturbed wind scenarios derived from the Global Forecast System. Results showed an average fuel saving of 1.6% and an average reduction of nearly 49% in arrival-time uncertainty, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-objective trajectory optimisation for future flight planning in Indian domestic airspace.
Keywords Multi-objective Optimisation; NSGA-II; Robust Trajectory optimisation; Indian Airspace; Pre-departure Flight Planning; A320neo; Convective Weather Avoidance; CO₂ emissions.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-13
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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