International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Phytochemical Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Physalis peruviana Fruit Extract in a Carbomer-Based Topical Gel for Acne Vulgaris

Author(s) Ms. Lyda Rocelle Federis Laron, Prof. Analiza Pedraja Malalay
Country Philippines
Abstract Acne vulgaris is a globally prevalent inflammatory skin condition affecting approximately 9.4% of the population, driven by factors such as microbial colonization by Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. While conventional treatments like antibiotics and retinoids are standard, they are increasingly hindered by antibiotic resistance and adverse skin reactions. This has sparked a growing interest in plant-based alternatives that offer both efficacy and a higher safety profile. Physalis peruviana has long been recognized for its potential therapeutic properties, but currently lacks robust scientific evidence in the local pharmaceutical context. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of Physalis peruviana fruit extracts and develop a stable, carbomer-based topical gel for acne management. An experimental research design was employed using ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Physalis peruviana fruits. . Phytochemical screening was conducted via Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to identify key secondary metabolites, while phytochemical profiling was further detailed through FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant activity via DPPH assay. The antibacterial efficacy of the extracts against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was evaluated using agar-well diffusion and broth microdilution assays to determine the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Subsequently, carbomer-based gels were formulated at concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10% and subjected to physicochemical testing for pH and homogeneity. All tests were performed in triplicate to ensure reproducibility and accuracy. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test, were performed at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results confirm that Physalis peruviana fruit extract possesses significant antibacterial properties against acne-associated pathogens. The successful formulation into a carbomer-based gel provides a scientifically validated, stable, and locally sourced phytopharmaceutical alternative for the management of acne vulgaris, particularly in the context of rising antibiotic resistance.
Keywords Physalis peruviana, Acne Vulgaris, Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical Profiling, Carbomer-Based Gel, MIC/MBC.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-17
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.78736
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