Distributional Inequities in Commerce Education: A Qualitative/Theoretical Analysis of Regional and Social Access

J Madegowda

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.78822

Distributional Inequities in Commerce Education: A Qualitative/Theoretical Analysis of Regional and Social Access

Author(s)	Dr. J Madegowda
Country	India
Abstract	Commerce education has grown to be a popular and easily accessible discipline that offers employment opportunities in India, and has increased significantly in the country’s booming higher education sector. Commerce education is a valuable pathway for employment and entrepreneurship, financial inclusion and middle-class mobility. Although there has been significant institutional growth and increased enrolment, there are significant disparities in access across regions and social groups. This study explores the distributional inequities in commerce education from an integrated spatial and social perspective considering disparities across states, rural and urban areas, caste, gender and socio-economic status. The study adopts a qualitative analysis approach with the details available in the published research papers. The analysis is a qualitative analysis of structural and institutional inequalities. Findings indicate that, although commerce education costs are relatively low and widespread institutional presence, the distribution is still uneven. There is a disproportionate representation in the more economically developed states, urban areas, and more socially privileged populations, and rural areas and marginalized groups continue to be underrepresented. The study reveals the critical challenges such as institutional concentration, digital inequity, unequal distribution of resources, lack of educational infrastructure and institutional capacity in disadvantaged areas. Regional and social inequalities combine to create cumulative disadvantage, limiting meaningful participation of specific groups in higher education, more particularly commerce education. The study contributes to the literature by adopting a distributional approach to the study of the discipline and by combining regional and social aspects of inequality in a coherent framework of analysis. It concludes with policy recommendations focusing on equitable institutional distribution, inclusion policies, digital equity, faculty development and improved access to education in rural areas to boost the inclusive potential of commerce education.
Keywords	Access Inequality; Commerce Education; Distributional Inequality; Educational Equity; Higher Education in India; Regional Disparities; Social Stratification
Field	Mathematics > Economy / Commerce
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-19
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.78822

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Distributional Inequities in Commerce Education: A Qualitative/Theoretical Analysis of Regional and Social Access

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