International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 3
May-June 2026

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Development, Disparities, and the State: Why Welfare Policy Matters

Author(s) Ms. Medha Singh
Country India
Abstract Development is a complex, multidimensional process encompassing economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability. In India, post-liberalisation growth since the 1991 New Economic Policy (NEP) has been impressive by global standards, yet its social inclusiveness remains profoundly limited. Persistent regional disparities and intra-state imbalances reveal that economic growth has failed to translate into proportionate improvements in human development. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the interplay between development, disparity, and the role of the state in India. It argues that the efficacy of subnational units – Indian states – in designing and implementing welfare policies is crucial to addressing socio-economic inequalities. Drawing on international comparative literature from East Asia and the OECD, as well as empirical data from national indices including the NITI Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index and UNDP Human Development Reports, the paper makes a case for a reinvigorated, contextually-sensitive welfare state in India. The analysis foregrounds the limits of market-led growth, revisits the relevance of welfare provisioning in capitalist economies, and identifies persistent structural challenges that impede equitable development at the subnational level.
Keywords socio-economic development, regional disparity, inequality, welfare state, social policy, India, federalism
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-18
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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