International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 3 (May-June 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of June to publish your research paper in the issue of May-June.
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Volume 8 Issue 3
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A Causal-Comparative Study of Flexible Learning Modalities on Mathematical Comprehension among Second-Year College Students

Author(s) Irish Bercide Tan, Gemma M. Valdez
Country Philippines
Abstract This study compared the impact of flexible learning modalities on the mathematical comprehension of second-year college students enrolled in "Mathematics in the Modern World." While the target population consisted of 106 students, the final analysis included 98 participants (62 from the face-to-face group and 36 from the synchronous group) due to non-response, incomplete submissions, or absences during testing. Using a Quantitative Comparative Research Design, the research compared students' cognitive performance in face-to-face (BSED) and synchronous online (BEED) settings. Quantitative results from a 30-item comprehension test revealed a significant difference in performance (p=0.009), with the face-to-face group (M=12.18) outperforming the synchronous group (M=10.46). The findings suggest that face-to-face instruction remains more effective for fostering mathematical comprehension than synchronous online settings. However, the fact that both cohorts remained at a low proficiency level indicates that the mode of delivery is not the only factor at play. Foundational gaps in mathematical knowledge, curriculum alignment, and student readiness are significant contributors to poor performance, suggesting that simply changing the modality is insufficient to fully resolve comprehension difficulties.
Keywords Mathematical Comprehension, Flexible Learning Modalities, Synchronous Learning, Face-to-Face Instruction, Mixed-Methods Research.
Field Mathematics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-18
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.78851
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