Material Science in Vaisheshika Darshan: A Study of Paramanu and the Physical Properties of Prthivi, Jala, Tejas and Vayu

Author(s)	Mr. Chaitanya Kukreti, Dr. Manoj Baloni, Dr. Manish Uniyal
Country	India
Abstract	When we look at the history of science, we often trace the origins of atomic theory back to Ancient Greece or the Enlightenment era in Europe. However, the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy, founded by Maharshi Kanada (6th century BCE), developed a sophisticated, motion-based model of the universe long before the advent of modern laboratories. This paper explores the Vaisheshika framework not as a mystical doctrine, but as a legitimate proto-physical theory of matter. By analyzing the four tangible bhutas- Prthivi (earth), Jala (water), Tejas (fire), and Vayu (air)- and mapping their properties onto modern concepts like thermodynamics, molecular cohesion, and the kinetic theory of gases, this study argues that ancient Indian thought provided a qualitatively rich precursor to modern material science.
Keywords	Vaisheshika Darshan, Ancient Physics, Material Science
Field	Physical Science
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-19
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.78935

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