International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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From Chilika to Niyamgiri: Grassroots Resistance Against Neoliberal Development in Odisha

Author(s) Dr. Sandeep Bal, Dr. Nibedita Swain
Country India
Abstract Post-independence economic development in India has historically relied on a Westernized, resource-intensive modernization model that equates national progress with industrialized macroeconomic growth. In the resource-rich geography of Odisha, this market-driven agenda has led to the aggressive expansion of mineral extraction and commercial aquaculture, transforming environmental commons into market commodities and marginalizing vulnerable populations. This paper applies a qualitative, analytical case study framework to evaluate how subaltern grassroots protests challenge top-down state-corporate initiatives, focusing on two historic movements: the Chilika Bachao Andolan and the Movements for Protecting Niyamgiri. Moving beyond the post-materialist aesthetic concerns of Western environmentalism, these mass-based movements articulate a "Livelihood Standpoint" in which the preservation of ecosystems is directly tied to the politics of absolute human survival, social justice, and cultural identity. Ultimately, this comparative discussion demonstrates that grassroots environmentalism in India functions not to replace the state, but to democratically reform it from below. By forcing the calculation of hidden ecological externalities and demanding participatory stewardship over local natural resources, these subaltern assertions reshape the state-civil society relationship and establish a deeper, life-centered vision of ecological democracy.
Keywords New Social Movements, Sustainable Development, Environmental Justice, Chilika Bachao Andolan, Niyamgiri Movement & Odisha.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79067
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