association between surgical site infection rates and operation room traffic including frequency of door opening

sharif hamis mkomwa; Ms. Anha Ashai

association between surgical site infection rates and operation room traffic including frequency of door opening

Author(s)	Mr. sharif hamis mkomwa, Ms. Anha Ashai
Country	India
Abstract	Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to pose a significant challenge in surgical care, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Although patient and procedural factors are well documented, the impact of operating room (OR) traffic and frequent door openings on SSI risk remains underexplored in Indian hospitals. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Parul Sevashram Hospital, Vadodara. Two hundred adult patients undergoing surgery across Orthopedic, Cardiac, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Urology, and General Surgery theaters were included. Door opening events were recorded in real time throughout each procedure. Patient demographics, surgical details, wound class, and OR environmental factors were documented. SSIs were prospectively monitored for 30 days using CDC/NHSN criteria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: The overall SSI incidence was 6.0% (12/200), with superficial infections accounting for 75% of cases. Forty percent of procedures had more than 50 door openings, with the highest activity occurring during the intraoperative phase. A strong dose-dependent association was found between door-opening frequency and SSI (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression identified door openings >50 as the strongest independent predictor (adjusted odds ratio 4.78, 95% CI 2.01–11.34, p < 0.001), followed by poor traffic compliance (AOR 3.37), surgery duration >2 hours (AOR 2.94), and clean-contaminated wounds (AOR 2.16). Conclusion: Frequent door openings and poor OR traffic control are important modifiable risk factors for postoperative SSI, even in theatres with adequate ventilation infrastructure. Simple measures to minimise unnecessary door openings and improve team discipline may significantly reduce SSI rates in similar Indian hospital settings. Keywords:
Keywords	Surgical site infection, Operating room traffic, Door openings, Infection prevention.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-23

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association between surgical site infection rates and operation room traffic including frequency of door opening

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