International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Multivariate Investigation of Leadership Styles and Institutional Well-Being Scores of Private High Schools

Author(s) Ms Marinel Rito Bagasala, Dr. Fausto Jr. Camania Romero
Country Philippines
Abstract This study quantitatively predicted the degree to which leadership styles directly contribute to and explain the variance in institutional scores metrics of private high schools, Division of Camarines Sur, school year 2025–2026. Specifically, it measured the self-reported leadership styles of private high school principals, focusing on transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire approaches, and evaluated institutional well-being scores through the happiness index, net promoter scores, and customer satisfaction. It examined whether leadership styles collectively predict the variance in institutional well-being and analyzed the influence of multivariate leadership styles on well-being indicators while accounting for covarying effects. Moreover, developed a targeted professional development program for private high school principals. The 400 respondents for this study were private school principals, teachers, and students. Stratified random sampling was used to select teachers and students, while purposive sampling was used for principals. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to assess leadership styles, while institutional outcomes were assessed via Customer Satisfaction (CSAT), Net Promoter Score (NPS), and Happiness Index (HI) metrics. Weighted mean analysis summarized stakeholder perceptions. Multiple linear regression and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were employed to evaluate predictive relationships. Private high school principals predominantly practice transformational leadership supported by transactional strategies, while minimizing laissez-faire approaches, reflecting vision, accountability, and active engagement. Institutional viability was stable but underperforming, with gaps in satisfaction and loyalty that require stronger advocacy-driven strategies. Net Promoter Score was significantly influenced by customer satisfaction and institutional health, confirming that advocacy and loyalty stem from positive experiences and perceptions of stability. Institutional well-being was shaped by satisfaction, loyalty, and happiness, with Net Promoter Score as the strongest determinant, and leadership styles exerting measurable influence, making effective leadership a critical driver of success. A structured, evidence-based professional development program equips principals with strategic leadership skills, fostering institutional well-being and sustainable school improvement
Keywords Educational leadership practices, stakeholder engagement, institutional effectiveness.
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79177
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