Social Exclusion, Accessibility, and State Responsibility: an Empirical Study of the Living Conditions of Persons with Disabilities in Contemporary India

KHURSHID MIYA

Social Exclusion, Accessibility, and State Responsibility: an Empirical Study of the Living Conditions of Persons with Disabilities in Contemporary India

Author(s)	Dr. KHURSHID MIYA
Country	India
Abstract	The condition of persons with disabilities in contemporary India reflects a complex interplay of social exclusion, infrastructural barriers, and gaps in state responsibility. Despite the adoption of progressive legal frameworks such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and international commitments under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, persons with disabilities continue to experience significant marginalization in social, economic, and political spheres. This study examines the living conditions of persons with disabilities through the lenses of accessibility, social exclusion, and governance accountability. Drawing upon secondary data, policy reports, and empirical observations, the study highlights that exclusion is not merely a consequence of impairment but is structurally produced through inaccessible environments, discriminatory attitudes, and inadequate institutional support. Public infrastructure, transportation systems, and digital platforms remain largely inaccessible, limiting the mobility and independence of persons with disabilities. Furthermore, social stigma and lack of awareness exacerbate their marginalization, particularly in rural and economically weaker sections. The analysis also reveals a significant gap between policy formulation and implementation, indicating a governance deficit. Initiatives such as the Accessible India Campaign have made limited progress due to weak monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. The study emphasizes the need for a rights-based and participatory approach, wherein persons with disabilities are actively involved in policy-making processes. The findings suggest that achieving inclusive development requires not only legislative measures but also a transformation in societal attitudes and institutional practices. The study concludes by recommending strategies for strengthening state accountability, improving accessibility, and promoting social inclusion, thereby ensuring that persons with disabilities can fully participate in the development process.
Keywords	Social Exclusion; Accessibility; Disability Rights; Inclusive Development; Governance; India
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-22

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Social Exclusion, Accessibility, and State Responsibility: an Empirical Study of the Living Conditions of Persons with Disabilities in Contemporary India

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