Obstacle Avoiding Robot Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

Hemant Dawande; Nitesh Kumar Barde; Amar Sing; Prince Bastwar; Sandeep Arse

Obstacle Avoiding Robot Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

Author(s)	Mr. Hemant Dawande, Mr. Nitesh Kumar Barde, Amar Sing, Prince Bastwar, Sandeep Arse
Country	India
Abstract	This research presents the design, development, and implementation of an autonomous obstacle-avoiding mobile robot using an Arduino-based embedded control system. The proposed robotic platform is capable of detecting and navigating around obstacles in unstructured environments through the integration of three ultrasonic distance sensors and an intelligent motion control algorithm. The system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller as the central processing unit, while two geared DC motors driven through an H-bridge motor driver provide directional movement and mobility. The ultrasonic sensors continuously monitor the surrounding environment and transmit distance measurements to the controller, enabling real-time obstacle detection and autonomous decision-making. The developed robot employs a dynamic obstacle avoidance strategy in which the controller analyzes sensor data and determines alternative navigation paths whenever an obstruction is detected. Experimental evaluation was conducted under multiple environmental conditions to analyze system reliability, navigation efficiency, and collision avoidance performance. Test results demonstrate an obstacle avoidance success rate of 98.5% with zero collision incidents during prolonged operational trials, indicating high system stability and accurate sensor response. The proposed design emphasizes low cost, modularity, and ease of implementation by utilizing commercially available and affordable hardware components with an estimated total system cost ranging from $93 to $140. The compact architecture and scalable design make the robot suitable for educational laboratories, research applications, industrial automation, surveillance systems, and intelligent transportation studies. This research contributes to the field of autonomous robotics by demonstrating an efficient and practical obstacle avoidance system using accessible microcontroller technology and low-complexity hardware integration.
Keywords	Autonomous Navigation, Ultrasonic Sensing, Arduino Microcontroller, Motor Control, Obstacle Detection, Collision Avoidance
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-20

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Obstacle Avoiding Robot Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

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