International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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A study of maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy with thyroid disorders

Author(s) Dr. Mariya Husain, Prof. Dr. Ani Chandanan, Dr. Charu Yadav, Dr. Singh Bhawana Komal
Country India
Abstract Background
Thyroid disorders are common endocrine conditions during pregnancy and are linked to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Hypothyroidism predominates in Indian populations. This study evaluated the prevalence, types, and impact of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcomes in a tertiary care setting in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted from July 2024 to December 2025 at T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow. One hundred pregnant women aged 20–40 years with thyroid disorders (singleton pregnancies) were enrolled after informed consent. Thyroid function tests (TSH, free T3, free T4) were performed using ATA 2017 trimester-specific reference ranges. Maternal complications, mode of delivery, and fetal outcomes were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, and Friedman test (p<0.05 significant).

Results
Thyroid function parameters showed significant changes over the study period. Mean TSH levels demonstrated a progressive decline from baseline (T1) to subsequent follow-up points (T2 and T3). In contrast, mean T3 and T4 levels showed a gradual and consistent increase over time. Friedman test analysis revealed that these changes in TSH, T3, and T4 levels across the three time points were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001 for all). The overall trend indicated improvement and stabilization of thyroid function during follow-up.

Conclusion
Thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, are strongly associated with increased maternal complications (anemia, preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia) and adverse fetal outcomes (low birth weight, respiratory distress). Routine screening and timely levothyroxine treatment are recommended to reduce perinatal morbidity.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79225
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