International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Youth Capability Deprivation in North East India: A Capability Approach Analysis of Employment Constraints

Author(s) Ms. Mary Mannala, Dr. Saumitra Dixit, Mr. Bipul Bez
Country India
Abstract Abstract
North East India, despite notable demographic advantages and rising educational attainment, continues to face obstinate employment challenges, particularly among youth. Established regional development strategies often rely on human capital theory, focusing narrowly on vocational training and digital skilling. This review presents that such approaches are inadequate when macroeconomic conditions barricade the effective use of acquired skills. Through the lens of Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, the condition of unemployment needs to be analysed not as an individual deficiency but as the outcome of structural and institutional deprivation of capabilities. By bringing together socio-economic data and multidisciplinary academic literature, the analysis identifies four interrelated conversion factors that restrict local employment capabilities: weak digital and physical infrastructure, local socio-political conditions that limit investment, social preference for government employment over private or entrepreneurial work and the migration of educated youth to metropolitan centres in search of better opportunities. It is observed that these systemic constraints neutralise accumulated human capital, consequently limiting young people’s employability within their native environment. The analysis demonstrates that skill centric policy frameworks operate in conceptual isolation. Sustainable employment requires a pivot toward holistic capability enhancement, integrating educational initiatives with infrastructural development, accessible micro finance and institutional stabilisation. True employability in the region depends on creating an enabling environment that grants youth the substantive freedom to transform formal qualifications into dignified, localised livelihoods.
Keywords Keywords- Capability Approach, Employability, North East India, Youth Unemployment, Systemic Constraints, Human Capital.
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-26
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79446
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