The Epistemological Friction of Forensic Jurisprudence: Realizing Certainty in Indian Criminal Courts

Author(s)	Mr. Atharv Rajkumar Gojamgunde
Country	India
Abstract	Modern criminal jurisprudence in India increasingly relies on the intersection of technology, empirical science, and law—a domain currently undergoing a massive structural transformation via the newly enacted Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023. However, this critical intersection is fraught with severe epistemological friction. While scienceseeks empirical truth through fluid statistical probabilities and peer-verified falsifiability, the Indian judicial system demands definitive, static binary outcomes to satisfy the strict threshold of proof "beyond a reasonable doubt." Thisarticle explores the core philosophy of forensic law within the contemporary Indian statutory matrix, unpacks thesystemic vulnerabilities of pattern-matching evidence highlighted by landmark Supreme Court judgments, analyzesconstitutional protections under Article 20(3) against forensic overreach, and proposes a series of structuralinstitutional reforms to safeguard individual liberty and legal integrity.
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-27
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79575

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