Clinical presentations and transvaginal sonographic findings among non-pregnant women presenting with abnormal per vaginal bleeding at the Muhimbili National Hospital.

Neema Byera Ndibalema; Zuhura Nkurumbi Nkurumbi; Lilian Evaristo Salingwa; Jaqueline Gabone

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79747

Clinical presentations and transvaginal sonographic findings among non-pregnant women presenting with abnormal per vaginal bleeding at the Muhimbili National Hospital.

Author(s)	Dr. Neema Byera Ndibalema, Dr. Zuhura Nkurumbi Nkurumbi, Dr. Lilian Evaristo Salingwa, Dr. Jaqueline Gabone
Country	Tanzania
Abstract	Gynaecological structural disorders commonly present with abnormal vaginal bleeding, which is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. There are so many other different causes of AVB and the clinical appearance may differ depending on the underlying etiology. Hence-forth determining if there is an association between clinical presentation and ultrasound imaging results might provide useful information for narrowing down the differential diagnosis and triaging patients to expedite treatment especially in our setting were studies are limited. Aim The study was done to determine the association of the trans-vaginal sonographic findings and clinical presentations in non-pregnant women with abnormal per vaginal bleeding at Muhimbili national hospital Material and Methods This was a prospective hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Muhimbili radiology department from December 2021 to April 2022. 146 non-pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled . A structured questionnaire was used to extract demographic and clinical information. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 and summarized using tables and figures. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logic regression was used to test the association between clinical characteristics and the trans- vaginal sonographic findings. The observed differences were considered significant at p value < 0.05. Results Majority of the study subjects had a normal menstrual cycle of 28-35days and presented with heavy menstrual bleeding .Sonographic abnormalities were found in 72.6% of study subjects. The most common abnormality was uterine lesions. On multivariate analysis on association of clinical presentations and sonographic findings the study showed that the odds of having cervical lesions is 32 times more in patients having a menstrual cycle of <21 (OR=32.493; 95% CI, 1.735-608.583;P=0.02).while those with a normal menstrual cycle(28-35) have 7 times the odds of having sonographic finding of uterine lesions or ovarian lesion (OR=6.759; 95% CI, 1.871-24.418, p=0.004)and(OR=6.746; 95% CI, 1.681-27.076; p=0.007) Conclusion Uterine and ovarian lesions are more likely to be seen in patients with a menstrual cycle (28-35days) while cervical lesions are more likely to occur in patients with a short menstrual cycle.( <_21days) Recommendations: Patients with a normal menstrual cycle of 28-35days presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding should be investigated thoroughly as majority have been noted to have uterine and ovarian lesions .Transvaginal ultrasound should be considered as an investigation of choice in patients presenting with AVB since it has detected majority of gynecological structural abnormalities in this study.
Keywords	clinical presentations, abnormal per-vaginal bleeding, non pregnant women
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-29
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.79747

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Clinical presentations and transvaginal sonographic findings among non-pregnant women presenting with abnormal per vaginal bleeding at the Muhimbili National Hospital.

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