Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Prediction Models and Health Risk Assessment

Author(s)	Mr. Md. Abdul Hannan, Mr. Jasim Mahmud
Country	Bangladesh
Abstract	Dhaka, Bangladesh faces a severe air quality crisis, with PM2.5 concentrations frequently exceeding WHO guideline limits by 5–10 times. This study develops linear regression-based prediction models for heavy metal concentrations — specifically lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) — associated with PM2.5, using real-time air quality data from the OpenAQ platform and meteorological reanalysis data from the Copernicus ERA5 dataset. Model outputs are integrated into a USEPA-compliant health risk assessment framework to quantify inhalation-based non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for adult and child populations across three Dhaka monitoring zones. Results confirm PM2.5 as the dominant driver of Pb and Cd concentrations, with strong seasonal modulation. The framework yields critically elevated Hazard Quotients (HQ > 10,000 for children in industrial zones) and cancer risk values 10–30 times above internationally accepted thresholds. The findings underscore an urgent need for coordinated emissions regulation, public health mitigation, and comprehensive air quality monitoring across Dhaka.
Keywords	PM2.5, heavy metals, lead, cadmium, health risk assessment, linear regression, Dhaka, Bangladesh, air pollution, inhalation risk
Field	Chemistry
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-06-11
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80149

About IJFMR Fees & Payment Current Issue Publication Archive	Submit Research Paper Track Submission Status Publication Guidelines Publication Ethics Peer Review & Plagiarism	Join as a Reviewer Editors & Reviewers Reviewer Referral Program Get Reviewer Membership Certi.	Website/Journal Policies Usage Policy Content Policies Privacy Policy

Contact Us		+91-9687-828-838	editor@ijfmr.com

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research