International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Comparative Public Policy and Digital State Capacity: Internet Adoption in India and the European Union (2015–2025)

Author(s) Dr. Babu G
Country India
Abstract Rapid global digital expansion has created a central political problem: in-frastructural connectivity often advances faster than institutional digital capacity. While many states achieve high internet penetration, disparities persist in cyberse-curity resilience, AI integration, regulatory coherence, and economic depth, raising questions about digital sovereignty and state capacity. Drawing on state capacity theory, political economy of innovation, digital sovereignty scholarship, and struc-tural asymmetry perspectives, this study conceptualizes Digital State Capacity as a multidimensional institutional construct rather than a connectivity metric.
Using a qualitative comparative institutional design and longitudinal data from 2015–2025 across five countries (Austria, Germany, India, the Netherlands, and Sweden), the analysis differentiates between infrastructural acceleration and in-stitutional consolidation. The findings reveal conditional convergence: emerging economies can rapidly expand connectivity, yet institutional embedding across cy-bersecurity, AI governance, and fiscal-technological capacity remains uneven. Ma-ture European digital states demonstrate synchronized institutional layering that reinforces digital sovereignty.
The study contributes to political science by reframing digital transformation as a state-building process and empirically separating technological diffusion from institutional depth. It advances comparative governance research by providing a longitudinal institutional framework for assessing Digital State Capacity beyond aggregate connectivity indicators.
Keywords Digital State Capacity; Digital Sovereignty; Comparative Governance; Cybersecurity; AI Governance; Institutional Development.
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80394
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