International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Digital Transformation in Indian Education: A Systematic Review of NEP 2020 Initiatives, Challenges, Impacts, and Enhancement Strategies

Author(s) Mrs. Apaar Binjola, Dr. Kuldeep Sharma
Country India
Abstract The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) marks a revolutionary shift toward technology-enabled learning in India. Five years after its inception, an assessment of its digital education initiatives is necessary to understand their scope, progress, and limitations. The main objective of this qualitative literature review is to synthesizes evidence on NEP 2020's digital education initiatives, challenges, impacts, and enhancement strategies. This paper presents a systematic qualitative review of digital education initiatives under NEP 2020, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Drawing upon peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and policy documents published between 2020 and December 2025, the study analyzes key policy measures such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM, PM e-Vidya, teacher capacity-building programs, and the expansion of digital infrastructure. The findings indicate that digitalization has contributed to greater educational outreach, flexible learning opportunities, and improved access to resources for diverse learner groups. However, the review also identifies persistent challenges, such as uneven digital infrastructure, regional and socio-economic disparities, limited digital competencies, concerns regarding content quality, and issues related to learner engagement and well-being. Recent empirical evidence suggests that while significant progress has been made in expanding digital access, the effective and equitable use of technology remains inconsistent. The paper concludes that the effective implementation of NEP 2020’s digital education aims depend on sustained public investment, continuous teacher capacity building, development of localized and inclusive content, and systematic monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Keywords NEP-2020, Digital education, Technology-enabled learning, Digitalization of education, Digital gap
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80397
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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