A Comparative Study on the Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Sleep Quality among Day and Night Security Guards in Mumbai Maharashtra

Sakshi Patel; Nisha Bellare

A Comparative Study on the Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Sleep Quality among Day and Night Security Guards in Mumbai Maharashtra

Author(s)	Ms. Sakshi Patel, Dr. Nisha Bellare
Country	India
Abstract	Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and adversely affects sleep quality, yet its relationship with dietary inflammatory profiles remains poorly characterised in Indian occupational cohorts. This study aimed to compare dietary inflammatory potential, quantified by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and sleep quality between day and night shift security guards in Mumbai and to examine the DII-sleep quality association. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adult male security guards (day shift n = 49; night shift n = 51; age 25-55 years) recruited via purposive sampling. DII was computed from a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire using the validated method of Shivappa et al. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; global score greater than 5 = poor sleep) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Anthropometric measurements followed standard protocols. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test, Pearson chi-square, and Pearson correlation (p less than 0.05). DII scores were near-neutral in both groups (day: -0.17 plus or minus 1.74; night: +0.06 plus or minus 1.86; p = 0.538). Night shift guards had significantly higher BMI (25.25 plus or minus 2.69 vs. 23.12 plus or minus 2.98 kg/m2; p less than 0.001) and higher prevalence of poor sleep quality (82.4% vs. 55.1%; p less than 0.001). No significant correlation was found between DII and PSQI (r = -0.002; p = 0.986). Night shift security work is strongly associated with poor sleep quality despite near-neutral dietary inflammatory profiles. The null DII-PSQI association likely reflects restricted dietary range within a constrained occupational food environment and the dominant effect of circadian disruption. Integrated dietary and sleep hygiene interventions are urgently warranted for this workforce.
Keywords	dietary inflammatory index, sleep quality, shift work, security guards, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, circadian disruption
Field	Sociology > Health
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-06-08

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A Comparative Study on the Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Sleep Quality among Day and Night Security Guards in Mumbai Maharashtra

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