International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Temperature-Induced Changes in the Proximate and Physicochemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar

Author(s) Ms. Usha Sah, Prof. Dr. Jayanand Manjhi
Country India
Abstract Pyrolysis temperature is an important factor influencing the physicochemical, structural, and adsorption-related properties of biochar produced from agricultural biomass. In the current investigation, the effect of pyrolysis temperature (400, 600 and 800 °C) on the creation of biochar using sugarcane bagasse was studied. The yield, proximate composition, elemental composition, mineral content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), point of zero charge (pHpzc), iodine value, and functional groups on the surface of the biochar samples were characterized by FTIR analysis. Every experiment was carried out in triplicate and statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis at 500 µm and 10 µm scales further confirmed the temperature-dependent morphological transformation of sugarcane bagasse biochar. At 400°C, the biochar showed compact and partially carbonized fibrous/sheet-like structures with limited pore development. At 600°C, layered porous carbon sheets, surface cracks, and visible cavities were observed. At 800°C, extensive cracking, mineral/ash-like deposits, and a highly carbonized porous aromatic matrix were evident, supporting the higher iodine value, fixed carbon content, alkalinity, and improved adsorption potential.
The finding demonstrated that the yield of biochar decreased significantly from 46% to 25%, the amount of moisture dropped from 2.8% to 1.1%, and the amount of volatile substances dropped from 33% to 6.8% as the pyrolysis temperature increased, while the fixed carbon increased from 74% to 96%. The amount of carbon raised from 63.56 to 73.20% with a decrease in H/C and O/C ratios, indicating an increased aromaticity and stability of the structure at elevated temperatures. There was a notable increase in the iodine levels from 223 to 504 mg/g from 400 to 800°C, indicating the enhanced micropore development and adsorption capacity. Biochar pH increased from 5.4 to 8.6 due to enrichment of alkaline mineral constituents during pyrolysis. The FTIR analysis indicated that the oxygen-containing aliphatic functional groups were gradually transformed into stable aromatic carbon structures with the rise of the temperatures. The studied biochar produced at 800°C showed better physicochemical properties such as carbonization, alkalinity, and iodine adsorption capacity. The results suggest the possibility of using high-temperature sugarcane bagasse biochar as an adsorbent of acidic pollutants and soil amendment material for sustainable environmental management.
Keywords Sugarcane Bagasse 1, Pyrolysis temperature 2, Biochar 3, proximate analysis 4, elemental composition 5,
Field Biology > Bio + Chemistry
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80718
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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