International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Nanostructured Optical Devices for Solar Energy Harvesting: Light Management from Plasmonic Resonance to High-Index Photonics

Author(s) Ms. Neha Hooda, Ms. Khushboo Sharma
Country India
Abstract The basic limit of sunlight-to-electricity conversion is limited by a trade-off between an optically thick layer for total photon absorption and an electronically thin layer for effective carrier extraction. Nanostructured optical devices address this tension by manipulating light on a scale comparable to or smaller than its wavelength, decoupling optical path length from physical absorber thickness. This review includes the physics, design approaches and experimental state of nanostructured optical systems for solar energy harvesting. We first discuss the classical ray-optics light trapping limit and its breakdown in the nanophotonic limit, and then review three dominant material platforms: metallic (plasmonic) nanostructures exploiting localized surface plasmons and surface-plasmon-polariton coupling; high-index dielectric nanostructures exploiting Mie resonances, guided-mode resonances and resonant antireflection; and semiconductor nanowire and nanostructured absorbers exploiting intrinsic optical resonance and radial carrier collection. We also examine the integration of these principles into the development of absorber materials such as dye-sensitised, quantum-dot, and metal-halide perovskite systems. Summary tables comparing these systems include typical demonstrations, validated efficiency milestones, and relative qualities of each class of nanostructures. We conclude that dielectric and semiconductor resonant nanostructures, because of their negligible parasitic absorption, currently offer the most promising route to ultrathin, high-efficiency photovoltaics, while plasmonic concepts retain unique value for hot-carrier and spectrally selective harvesting.
Keywords nanophotonic; plasmonic; light trapping; Mie resonance; antireflection; silicon nanowires; thin-film photovoltaics; solar energy harvesting.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80802
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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