International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 4
July-August 2026

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Human and Non-Human Identity Governance in Modern Distributed Enterprises

Author(s) Thrinaath Vajragowni
Country United States
Abstract The proliferation of cloud-native applications, microservices architectures, and autonomous AI systems has catalyzed an unprecedented expansion of non-human identities (NHIs) within enterprise environments. By 2025, NHIs - encompassing service accounts, API tokens, machine certificates, and AI agents - are projected to outnumber human identities by ratios exceeding 144:1. This paper examines the governance challenge of managing both human and non-human identity populations within a unified framework. We analyze the distinct lifecycle, risk, and control requirements of each identity class, propose a Unified Identity Governance (UIG) architecture, and present design patterns and pseudocode for automated NHI lifecycle management. Key threats enabled by ungoverned NHIs - credential sprawl, orphaned accounts, secret staleness - are analyzed with reference to recent supply chain and cloud breach case studies. Our framework demonstrates how enterprises can achieve consistent security posture and regulatory compliance across heterogeneous identity populations at scale.
Keywords Non-Human Identity, Machine Identity Management, Identity Governance and Administration, Service Accounts, API Token Lifecycle, Zero Trust, Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management, Certificate Management, AI Agent Governance, Secrets Management.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-23
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80823
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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