International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Exploring Vulnerabilities: Examining the Relationships Between Perceived Age Discrimination, Loneliness, and Community Participation among Older Adults in Belagavi City

Author(s) Mr. Vijeta Y, Prof. Dr. Ashok Antony D'Souza
Country India
Abstract Population aging represents a critical socio-demographic transition in twenty-first-century India. Unprecedented urbanization and individualistic socio-economic shifts have led to the consistent growth of nuclear family units in tier-2 urban cities like Belagavi City, weakening of joint family structures. This structural isolation leaves the elderly directly subjected to external societal dynamics and psychological vulnerabilities defined by three intersecting variables: perceived age discrimination, subjective loneliness, and community participation. This empirical, quantitative-descriptive study investigated the relationships between these three variables among older adults living in nuclear families within the urban limits of Belagavi City, Karnataka, India. Utilizing a non-probability purposive and quota sampling technique, a structured interview schedule was administered to exactly N=100 respondents aged 65 years and above. Continuous data analysis was conducted using three unique composite tools: the Geriatric Loneliness Scale (GLS), the Community Participation Scale (CPS), and the Perceived Age Discrimination Scale (PADS). Bivariate association patterns were evaluated using Pearson Chi-Square tests, Linear-by-Linear association trends, and Cramer's V effect size metrics. The findings shift the traditional paradigm of geriatric loneliness from an isolated internal biological or personal problem to a direct consequence of external social, institutional, and structural barriers. To enhance active aging and support and uplift the familial structure in tier-2 cities, the study outlines encompassing professional social work intervention strategies extending across the social casework, therapeutic group work, and macro-level community organization alongside critical municipal infrastructure reforms and institutional anti-ageism frameworks.
Keywords Ageing, Nuclear families, Elderly vulnerabilities, Demography transition
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.80843
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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