International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Hyderabad State's Revenue Machinery and Rural Distress: A Study of Telangana's Diwani Districts

Author(s) Dr. D. Kishan
Country India
Abstract In this paper, the author investigates how the revenue administration of Hyderabad State and the agrarian unrest that had swept the Diwani (directly administered) districts of Telangana during the late colonial and early post-independence era, c. 1930-1948, are structurally linked. The study examines the functioning of the Nizam's revenue machinery—talukdars, patels, patwaris, and divisional collectors—as a tool for surplus extraction by the government at the cost of the peasantry of agrarian Telangana by relying on primary historical sources, administrative records of Hyderabad Civil List, Reports of Hyderabad Revenue Department, Sunderlal Committee Report (1948), and secondary historiography. The paper especially deals with six big Diwani districts, namely Nalgonda, Warangal, Karimnagar, Medak, Mahbubnagar, and Adilabad. It examines the land revenue assessment modalities, the survival of coercive practices like vetti (bonded labour), the buildup of arrears, and the entanglement of peasant debt with the revenue system. The evidence collected through five sets of data tables from archival and secondary sources shows that the tax-collection system was not only used for the purpose of tax collection but also created rural poverty, caste subordination, and agrarian insecurity. The paper locates these findings within the broader historiography of South Asian revenue systems and the political mobilisation of Telangana peasants under the Communist Party of India-led Telangana Armed Struggle (1946–1951).
Keywords Hyderabad State, Diwani Districts, land revenue, Telangana, vetti, agrarian distress, revenue machinery, peasant indebtedness
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-09
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.81181
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