International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Association of Biofilm Formation with Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author(s) Ms. Sapna Rawat, Dr. Kailash jatav, Dr. Devendra kumar Khatana
Country India
Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen responsible for various hospital-acquired infections, particularly among immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Its ability to form biofilms and express virulence factors contributes to persistent infections and increased antimicrobial resistance, making treatment difficult.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care hospital in Central India. A total of 200 clinical samples including urine, pus, sputum, blood, wound swabs, and endotracheal secretions were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Biofilm formation was detected by the Tube Method, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines, and molecular detection of exoT and exoU genes was carried out by PCR.
Results: Out of 200 clinical samples, 72 (36%) isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among these, 30 (41.7%) isolates were positive for exoT alone, 6 (8.3%) for exoU alone, and 12 (16.7%) for both genes. Biofilm production was significantly associated with exoT (p = 0.003) and exoU (p = 0.023) genes. Multidrug resistance was observed in 70.8% of biofilm-producing isolates compared to 33.3% of non-biofilm producers.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant association between biofilm formation, virulence genes, and multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Early detection of virulent biofilm-producing strains is essential for effective infection control and antimicrobial management.
Keywords Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biofilm formation, exoT gene, exoU gene, Multidrug resistance, Virulence factors, PCR
Field Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-12
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.81224
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