Integrated Geospatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality, Rainfall Variability, and Horticultural Plantation Suitability in Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of Bhiwani and Charkhi Dadri, Haryana (India)

Ritu; Surender Kumar; Jyoti Devi

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.81568

Integrated Geospatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality, Rainfall Variability, and Horticultural Plantation Suitability in Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of Bhiwani and Charkhi Dadri, Haryana (India)

Author(s)	Ms. Ritu, Dr. Surender Kumar, Dr. Jyoti Devi
Country	India
Abstract	Sustainable agricultural development in semi-arid regions is increasingly constrained by declining groundwater resources, deteriorating water quality, and erratic rainfall patterns. This study presents an integrated geospatial assessment of groundwater quality, rainfall variability, land use/land cover (LULC), and vegetation dynamics for evaluating horticultural plantation suitability in Bhiwani and Charkhi Dadri districts of Haryana, India. Multi-source datasets including Landsat-derived NDVI, supervised LULC classification, rainfall interpolation (2024), and groundwater quality parameters (EC, TDS, Fluoride, Sodium, etc.) were analyzed using GIS and remote sensing techniques. The results indicate severe groundwater stress, with all blocks categorized as over-exploited except Siwani. High salinity (EC and TDS) dominates northern and southwestern regions, while alkalinity (high bicarbonate and pH) affects agricultural sustainability. Rainfall analysis shows peak precipitation during July–August (400–503 mm), but overall annual variability remains high, limiting recharge. LULC analysis reveals dominance of fallow land (46.55%), followed by agricultural land (23.39%), while horticultural plantations occupy only 5.12% of the area. NDVI analysis confirms sparse vegetation cover, with limited high-value zones corresponding to horticulture clusters. The study demonstrates that horticultural expansion is feasible only in localized zones with moderate groundwater quality and vegetation density. The integration of geospatial techniques provides a robust framework for sustainable land and water resource planning. Policy recommendations include micro-irrigation, groundwater recharge structures, and crop diversification towards less water-intensive horticulture.
Keywords	Groundwater Quality, NDVI, LULC, Rainfall Variability, Horticulture
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-06-18
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.81568

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Integrated Geospatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality, Rainfall Variability, and Horticultural Plantation Suitability in Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of Bhiwani and Charkhi Dadri, Haryana (India)

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