International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Healthcare Dynamics in India: Assessing the Psychosocial and Economic Burden

Author(s) Dr. Ritika Chowdhary, Dr. Sukriti Chowdhary, Dr. Richa Chowdhary
Country India
Abstract India’s healthcare system has been rapidly evolving, given the fast economic growth, increasing public health initiatives, and growing digitalization. Even with all the new innovations, there are still big differences in having and getting health care due to money and social and psychological issues. In this paper, we examine healthcare dynamics from the economic and psychosocial angles in India, during 2024-26. The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is the world’s largest publicly funded health insurance scheme. Its implementation has entailed financial benefits for many people. However, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) continues to be one of the leading causes of catastrophic health spending and healthcare-induced poverty. The research anticipates a change in the manner in which healthcare is funded by macroeconomics. It will also examine the stigma, caste, gender, and exclusionary mechanisms that affect the health-seeking behaviour of individuals and groups. We focus on the “missing middle” population who are not sufficiently covered by public welfare schemes, yet do not have sufficient means to access the private sector without hardship. Moreover, the paper evaluates the increasing role played by digital health infrastructure, telemedicine and health technologies in enhancing the accessibility and efficiency of care. On the downside, digital adoption and health outcomes continue to suffer from inequities. The study findings show that financial reforms alone are not sufficient to ensure equitable access to healthcare and improved health of the population. India requires solutions targeting not only the economic sphere, but also the social, cultural and behavioural spheres to transform its healthcare sustainably. The health policies must not be limited to insurance coverage and subsidies in the future, as per the health policies' conclusions.
Keywords Health economics, India, PM-JAY, Out-of-pocket expenditure, Psychosocial health, Digital Health Mission.
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-04
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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