International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 4
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Civic vs. Ethnic Nationalism: A Comparative Analysis in the 21st Century

Author(s) Ms. Priya
Country India
Abstract Nationalism is still one of the powerful factors which have impact on political identity formation, state legitimacy and democracy in the modern world. The study investigates how the relationship between civic and ethnic nationalism changes within the context of globalization, migration, populism and digital communication by making a comparative analysis of selected states. The main purpose of the investigation is to determine whether the existing dichotomy between civic and ethnic nationalism is still relevant for understanding modern nationalism or if there are other types of nationalism. The study uses the qualitative comparative approach to the research with the use of only the secondary data from academic sources such as peer reviewed journal articles, scholarly books, government documents, policy reports and the reports of international organizations. The obtained data was analyzed by means of thematic content analysis and the comparative method. As the result of the analysis it has been found out that civic nationalism is focused on constitutionality, democracy and citizenship while ethnic nationalism is concerned with common ancestry, culture, language and religion. But it is clear from the analysis that modern nation-states possess hybrid nationalism, which combines civic and ethnic/cultural aspects of nationalism. Globalization, migration, and populism have actually changed rather than reduced the importance of nationalism and have thus made nationalist identities more flexible and contextual. It can be said that the dichotomy of civic vs. ethnic nationalism is not theoretically irrelevant today but should be further developed to capture the complexities of the contemporary world. The research provides valuable information about contemporary discussions on nationalism.
Keywords Civic Nationalism, Ethnic Nationalism, Hybrid Nationalism, National Identity, Globalization, Populism, Comparative Politics, Citizenship
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.82996
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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