International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 4
July-August 2026

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Host-Directed and Macrophage-Targeted Nanoparticle Systems in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Therapy: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Advances

Author(s) Mr. Om Ankush Athare, Prof. Dr. Sachin B Aglawe
Country India
Abstract Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health challenge due to prolonged treatment duration, poor patient compliance, and emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Conventional anti-tubercular therapy is often limited by non-specific drug distribution, systemic toxicity, and inadequate intracellular drug deliver. In recent years, host-directed therapy (HDT) has emerged as a promising approach aimed at modulating the host immune response to improve treatment outcomes. Simultaneously, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing drug targeting and bioavailability. The integration of HDT with macrophage-targeted nanoparticle systems offers a dual therapeutic strategy by combining antimicrobial activity with immune modulation. These systems facilitate targeted drug delivery to infected macrophages, enhance intracellular drug concentration, and activate immune pathways such as autophagy for improved bacterial clearance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TB pathophysiology, limitations of conventional therapy, and recent advances in host-directed and nanoparticle-based approaches. Special emphasis is placed on macrophage targeting strategies, drug–immune synergy, and future perspectives including smart nanocarriers and personalized medicine.
Keywords Pulmonary tuberculosis; Host-directed therapy; Macrophage-targeted nanoparticles; Nanomedicine; Rifampicin delivery; Immune modulation; Autophagy; Pulmonary drug delivery.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-12
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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