International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Techno-Capitalism and Social Movement Mobilization in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis of India, the United States, and Brazil

Author(s) Ms. Nandini Gupta
Country India
Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a defining force in contemporary political communication, fundamentally reshaping how social movements are organized, amplified, and contested within digital environments. While an expanding body of scholarship has examined surveillance capitalism, platform economies, and algorithmic governance, these debates often remain fragmented, treating political economy, AI, and social movement mobilization as separate fields of inquiry. Consequently, there is limited comparative understanding of how AI-driven platform infrastructures simultaneously transform democratic participation across different political contexts. Addressing this gap, this paper examines the relationship between techno-capitalism and AI-enabled social movement mobilization through a comparative analysis of India, the United States, and Brazil.
The paper adopts a qualitative, comparative research design grounded in contemporary critical political economy. Drawing upon the works of Shoshana Zuboff, Nick Srnicek, Yanis Varoufakis, Taina Bucher, Tarleton Gillespie, Safiya Umoja Noble, Benjamin, Jaffrelot, and Couldry and Mejias, it develops an integrated analytical framework that connects surveillance capitalism, platform capitalism, techno-feudalism, algorithmic visibility, and data colonialism. Rather than approaching AI as a neutral technological innovation or an autonomous driver of political change, the study conceptualizes it as a socio-technical infrastructure embedded within broader relations of capital accumulation, platform monopolization, and political authority. From this perspective, AI is understood not only as a system for processing information but also as a mechanism that structures visibility, shapes public attention, influences political behaviour, and mediates democratic participation.
The analysis is organized around three interrelated themes. The first examines the evolution of techno-capitalism and demonstrates how AI has become central to contemporary processes of data extraction, behavioral prediction, and economic accumulation. The second investigates algorithmic visibility, arguing that recommendation systems increasingly determine which political actors, movements, and narratives receive public attention while simultaneously amplifying engagement-driven content, misinformation, and political polarization. The third theme situates these theoretical debates within the comparative experiences of India, the United States, and Brazil. India illustrates the convergence of digital majoritarianism, algorithmic policing, and extractive AI governance; the United States highlights the continued expansion of surveillance capitalism through behavioral modification and platform governance; while Brazil provides insight into the political tensions surrounding data colonialism, digital sovereignty, and algorithmic regulation. Although these cases differ in their institutional settings and democratic trajectories, they reveal a common transformation in which AI-driven platforms increasingly shape the conditions under which collective action emerges, circulates, and acquires political legitimacy.
Keywords Artificial Intelligence, Techno-Capitalism, Social Movement Mobilization, Algorithmic Visibility, Surveillance Capitalism, Platform Governance, Digital Democracy, Algorithmics Governance
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-12
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.83311
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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