Nanoparticle-Based Mucosal Vaccine Delivery: Intranasal, Oral, and Pulmonary Formulation Strategies for Next-Generation Immunization

Author(s)	Mr. Shouvik Mondal, Mr. Dibyendu Mondal
Country	India
Abstract	The mucosal surfaces are considered to be an important entry point of pathogens into the human body; thus, they represent unique targets for vaccines. A nanoparticle-based drug delivery system is a modern technique used to deliver and enhance the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines. Modern studies give a better understanding of the formulation and delivery issues that need to be taken into consideration when developing effective and safe mucosal subunit vaccines via nanoparticles. They include novel nanomaterials, their physicochemical characteristics and formulation issues, interaction of nanoparticles with mucosal immune cells, as well as mucosal immunisation and delivery strategies. In this review, we will discuss modern achievements in the application of nanoparticle-based techniques in mucosal vaccine delivery and future research challenges in this area.
Keywords	Nanoparticles, Mucosal immunisation, Vaccines, Drug delivery, Adjuvants
Field	Chemistry > Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-07-14
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.83548

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